WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER
INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER
IARC MONOGRAPHS
ON THE EVALUATION
OF CARCINOGENIC
RISKS TO HUMANS
ON THE EVALUATION
OF CARCINOGENIC
RISKS TO HUMANS
VOLUME 75
IONIZING RADIATION, PART 1:
X- AND GAMMA (γ)-RADIATION,
AND NEUTRONS
IONIZING RADIATION, PART 1:
X- AND GAMMA (γ)-RADIATION,
AND NEUTRONS
2000
I A R C
L Y O N
F R A N C E
I A R C
L Y O N
F R A N C E
This publication represents the views and expert opinions
of an IARC Working Group on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,
which met in Lyon,
26 May–2 June 1999
2000
of an IARC Working Group on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,
which met in Lyon,
26 May–2 June 1999
2000
file mono75.pdf
...
Table 3. Major radiation accidents (1945–97) and early fatalities in nuclear and non-nuclear industries
Year Place Source Dose (or activity
intake)
No. of persons with
significant exposurea
No. of deaths
1945–46 Los Alamos, USA Criticality ≤ 13 Gy 10 2
1958 Vinèa, Yugoslavia Experimental reactor 2.1–4.4 Gy 8 1
1958 Los Alamos, USA Criticality 0.35–45 Gy 3 1
1960 USSR 137Cs (suicide) ∼15 Gy 1 1
1960 USSR Radium bromide (ingestion) 74 mBq 1 1 (after 4 years)
1961 USSR Submarine accident 10–50 Gy > 30 8
1961 Switzerland 3H 3 Gy 3 1
1961 Idaho Falls, USA Explosion in reactor ≤ 3.5 Gy 7 3
1962 Mexico City, Mexico 60Co capsule 9.9–52 Sv 5 4
1963 China 60Co 0.2–80 Gy 6 2
1964 Federal Republic of
Germany
3H 10 Gy 4 1
1964 Rhode Island, USA Criticality 0.3–46 Gy 4 1
1966 Pennsylvania, USA 198Au Unknown 1 1
1967 USSR X-radiation medical diagnostic
facility
50 Gy 1 1 (after 7 years)
1968 Wisconsin, USA 198Au Unknown 1 1
1968 Chicago, USA 198Au 4–5 Gy (bone marrow) 1 1
1972 Bulgaria 137Cs (suicide) > 200 Gy (local, chest) 1 1
1975 Brescia, Italy 60Co 10 Gy 1 1
1978 Algeria 192Ir ≤ 13 Gy 7 1
1982 Norway 60Co 22 Gy 1 1
1983 Constitu, Argentina Criticality 43 Gy 1 1
1984 Morocco 192Ir Unknown 11 8
1985 China 198Au (mistake in treatment) Unknown, internal 2 1
1985–86 USA Accelerator Unknown 3 2
1986 Chernobyl, USSR Nuclear power plant 1–16 Gy 134 28
1987 Goiânia, Brazil 137Cs ≤ 7 Gy 50b 4
1989 El Salvador 60Co irradiation facility 3–8 Gy 3 1
1990 Israel 60Co irradiation facility > 12 Gy 1 1
1990 Spain Radiotherapy accelerator Unknown 27 ≤ 11
1991 Nesvizh, Belarus 60Co irradiation facility 10 Gy 1 1
1992 China 60Co > 0.25–10 Gy 8 3
1992 USA 192Ir brachytherapy > 1000 Gy (local) 1 1
1994 Tammiku, Estonia 137Cs 1830 Gy (thigh) + 4 Gy
(whole body)
3 1
1996 Costa Rica Radiotherapy Unknown 110 ≤ 40
1997 Kremlev, Sarov, Russian
Federation
Criticality experiment 5–10 Gy 1 1
Year Place Source Dose (or activity
intake)
No. of persons with
significant exposurea
No. of deaths
1945–46 Los Alamos, USA Criticality ≤ 13 Gy 10 2
1958 Vinèa, Yugoslavia Experimental reactor 2.1–4.4 Gy 8 1
1958 Los Alamos, USA Criticality 0.35–45 Gy 3 1
1960 USSR 137Cs (suicide) ∼15 Gy 1 1
1960 USSR Radium bromide (ingestion) 74 mBq 1 1 (after 4 years)
1961 USSR Submarine accident 10–50 Gy > 30 8
1961 Switzerland 3H 3 Gy 3 1
1961 Idaho Falls, USA Explosion in reactor ≤ 3.5 Gy 7 3
1962 Mexico City, Mexico 60Co capsule 9.9–52 Sv 5 4
1963 China 60Co 0.2–80 Gy 6 2
1964 Federal Republic of
Germany
3H 10 Gy 4 1
1964 Rhode Island, USA Criticality 0.3–46 Gy 4 1
1966 Pennsylvania, USA 198Au Unknown 1 1
1967 USSR X-radiation medical diagnostic
facility
50 Gy 1 1 (after 7 years)
1968 Wisconsin, USA 198Au Unknown 1 1
1968 Chicago, USA 198Au 4–5 Gy (bone marrow) 1 1
1972 Bulgaria 137Cs (suicide) > 200 Gy (local, chest) 1 1
1975 Brescia, Italy 60Co 10 Gy 1 1
1978 Algeria 192Ir ≤ 13 Gy 7 1
1982 Norway 60Co 22 Gy 1 1
1983 Constitu, Argentina Criticality 43 Gy 1 1
1984 Morocco 192Ir Unknown 11 8
1985 China 198Au (mistake in treatment) Unknown, internal 2 1
1985–86 USA Accelerator Unknown 3 2
1986 Chernobyl, USSR Nuclear power plant 1–16 Gy 134 28
1987 Goiânia, Brazil 137Cs ≤ 7 Gy 50b 4
1989 El Salvador 60Co irradiation facility 3–8 Gy 3 1
1990 Israel 60Co irradiation facility > 12 Gy 1 1
1990 Spain Radiotherapy accelerator Unknown 27 ≤ 11
1991 Nesvizh, Belarus 60Co irradiation facility 10 Gy 1 1
1992 China 60Co > 0.25–10 Gy 8 3
1992 USA 192Ir brachytherapy > 1000 Gy (local) 1 1
1994 Tammiku, Estonia 137Cs 1830 Gy (thigh) + 4 Gy
(whole body)
3 1
1996 Costa Rica Radiotherapy Unknown 110 ≤ 40
1997 Kremlev, Sarov, Russian
Federation
Criticality experiment 5–10 Gy 1 1
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